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Geophysics, which studies the physics of the Earth, has led to many significant discoveries about the Earth and its make-up. Seismologic studies of the Earth have uncovered new information about the interior of the Earth that has helped to give credence to plate tectonic theory.
Significant progress was made in the 1960s, and was prompted by a number of discoveries, most notably of the Mid-Atlantic ridge. The most significant paper was the 1962 publication by American geologist Harry Hammond Hess (Robert S. Dietz published the same idea one year earlier in Nature. However, priority belongs to Hess, since he had already distributed an unpublished manuscript of his 1962 article by 1960). Hess suggested that instead of continents moving through oceanic crust (as was suggested by continental drift) that an ocean basin and its adjoining continent moved together on the same crustal unit, or plate. In the same year, Robert R. Coats of the U.S. Geological Survey described the main features of island arc subduction in the Aleutian Islands. His paper, though little-noted (and even ridiculed) at the time, has since been called "seminal" and "prescient". In 1967, W. Jason Morgan proposed that the Earth's surface consists of 12 rigid plates that move relative to each other. Two months later, in 1968, Xavier Le Pichon published a complete model based on 6 major plates with their relative motions.
Bhutan is country nestled in the eastern Himalayas.The country has been visited by a great saints, mystics, scholars and pilgrims over centuries who not only came for their personal elucidation, but blessed the land and its people with an invaluable spiritual and cultural legacy that has shaped every facet of Bhutanese lives.Visitors and guests the country will be surprised that the culture and the traditional lifestyle is still richly intact and the degree to which it permeates all standards of modern day secular life.From the traditional woman gannets to the prayer flags on high mountain slopes,from the built environment to the natural environment, from the religious mask dances to the folk dances, this cultural heritage is proudly evident and offers a unique cultural setting.
The Bhutanese have treasured their natural environment as it is seen as a source of all life and the abode of gods and spirits.Buddhism has been dominate religion since the 7th century and has included deeply the value that all forms of sentient life,not just human life, are precious and sacred.Given such a prevailing ethos which respect the natural environment, it is not surprising that the Bhutanese have lived in harmony with nature and that the nation has its environment still pristine and intact today.The country has been identified as one of the 10 bio-diversity hot spots in the world and as one 221 global endemic birds areas.Its Eco-systems harbors some of the most exotic species of the east-em Himalayas with an estimated 770 spices of birds and over 50 spices of rhododendron , besides an astonishing variety of medical plants and orchids.Bhutan also has a rich wildlife with animals like snow leopard, golden languor blue sheep,tiger, water buffalo and elephant.
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